Selective elution of tea catechins and caffeine from polyvinylpolypyrrolidone

Desorption of catechins and caffeine from polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) was comprehensively investigated. The result showed that caffeine could easily be desorbed from PVPP by the tested solvents except n‐hexane, while catechins could only be thoroughly done by dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and N, N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). Excellent desorption efficiency of DMSO and DMF might be attributed to their high dipole moments and H‐bond potentials. Addition of ethanol was recommended considering the elution efficiency and fluidity, but ethanol volume should be <40% (v/v) for DMSO or 20% (v/v) for DMF. Desorption would get to equilibrium within 1 h and followed the pseudo‐second‐order model. Caffeine and catechins could be separately desorbed through two‐stage elution procedure, that is, water or 20% aqueous ethanol for desorbing caffeine and part of nongalloylated catechins and DMSO/ethanol (8/2, v/v) for eluting the remaining catechins. Highly purified catechins (~95%) with high level (~70%) galloylated catechins would be achieved when the desorption procedure was applied in column chromatograph.     

EasyCar: Location-Aware Assistance System Based on Smartphone in Automotive Aftermarket

Cloud databases provide facilities for large scale data storage and retrieval of distributed data. However, the current access control techniques provided in database systems for maintaining security are not sufficient to secure the private data stored in public cloud databases. In this paper, a new secured data storage algorithm for effective maintenance of confidential data is proposed. To perform storage and retrieval operations of data in the cloud data storage effectively, map reduce algorithms are developed in this work which performs data reduction and fast processing. In order to consider the temporal nature of documents to be retrieved, we propose a new algorithm called Temporal Secured Cloud Map Reduced Algorithm which integrates temporal constraints with map reduce algorithms and also the chaining Hill Cipher encryption algorithms which is proposed newly in this work. The main advantages of the proposed algorithm is that they reduce the processing time and maintains security effectively. The experimental results obtained from this work depict that the proposed model is optimizing cost and it ensures data security.

     

混凝土坝基防渗帷幕体老化的基本模式及识别指标

采用综合分析方法,对混凝土坝基防渗帷幕体的老化模式以及识别指标进行了系统的探讨。基于相对防渗效率,把帷幕体老化分为相对稳定型、缓慢变化型以及阶段性变化型3种基本模式;在分析时段内,不同的模式具有不同的防渗效率。用于识别帷幕体老化的指标有3类:第一类为渗流的微观动态要素,包括析钙量、TDS值、pH值、无机质和有机质等,可用于揭示帷幕体的老化机制;第二类为渗流的宏观动态要素,包括扬压力、排水量等,可用于判断帷幕体的老化程度及其基本模式;第三类为数值分析指标,包括饱和指数和渗漏水源比例系数等,可用于量化分析帷幕体的老化过程。3类指标的识别有助于构建混凝土坝基防渗帷幕体老化评估体系。     

Greedy Matrix Completion with Fitting Error and Rank Iterative Minimization

A novel matrix completion algorithm which iteratively minimizes the fitting error and the ma-trix rank is presented. Unlike conventional matrix com-pletion algorithms, which usually require some relaxation technique to cope with the low rank constraints, the pro-posed algorithm does not require any such techniques, thus making the selection of the parameter q of the matrix q-norm (0相似文献   

A person re-identification algorithm based on pyramid color topology feature

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Due to illumination variations, person re-identification algorithms based on color features are not robust in practical applications. Different persons may have...     

基于多克隆抗体包被磁性纳米粒子的ELISA法检测西维因

建立一种基于抗体包被氨基化Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子,建立免疫磁珠酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法用于检测氨基甲酸酯农药西维因。结果表明:在最佳条件下,西维因质量浓度在1×10-3~10 mg/L范围内,建立的免疫磁珠ELISA法具有较好的线性关系(y=8.87lnx+72.77,R2=0.994),抑制率最高可达90.6%;测得的半抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC50)为0.077 mg/L,检出限(IC15)为1.48×10-3 mg/L。以质量浓度1 mg/L的西维因在相同条件下重复检测3次,相对标准偏差为1.67%。以大米和卷心菜为实际样品进行西维因加标回收率实验,通过免疫磁珠ELISA法测得的回收率为70.5%~123.1%,同时采用高效液相色谱法进行相关性验证,结果表明,2种方法检测结果的相关性较好(R2=0.91)。通过一系列分析表明,所建立的抗体包被磁性纳米粒子ELISA法可用于快速检测西维因。     

Changes in the volatiles,chemical components,and antioxidant activities of Chinese jasmine tea during the scenting processes

Chinese jasmine tea, a type of flower-scented tea, is produced by repeatedly mixing the base tea with the aromatic flowers of Jasminum sambac. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the volatiles, chemical components, and antioxidant activities of Chinese jasmine tea during six rounds of the scenting processes. The results indicated that benzyl alcohol, linalool, benzyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenyl benzoate, methyl anthranilate, indole, and α-farnesene were seven major volatile compounds of jasmine tea. Moreover, the total amount of the volatile compounds increased gradually with increasing scenting rounds. The absorption of linalool became saturated quickly, while those of the other six major volatile compounds exhibited nearly linear increases throughout all six repeated scenting rounds. Importantly, the value of the jasmine tea flavor index, an evaluating indicator of the aroma quality, gradually increased with the progression of the repeated scenting rounds. The change of each detected taste component was less than 15% during six rounds of the scenting process. The antioxidant activities of the tea samples decreased in the first two rounds and later increased in the succeeding four rounds of the scenting process. However, the antioxidant activity of the finished tea was lower than that of the base tea, being significantly correlated with the change of catechin concentration. The findings provided insight into the changes in the volatiles, chemical components, and antioxidant activity of Chinese jasmine green tea during the repetitious scenting process, which could provide beneficial insight on improving the quality grade of the tea.     

Modeling and simulation of multi‐scale transients for PMSG‐based wind power systems

In a wind energy conversion system (WECS), multiple‐time‐scale transients that cover a wide frequency range from low‐frequency transient stability up to high‐frequency switching events are observed. This paper presents a methodology of modeling diverse transients for a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)‐based WECS within the same study. Multiple physical areas of the PMSG‐based WECS are given depending on the appearance of carriers contained in the considered waveforms. In order to eliminate different carrier frequencies, the PMSG and generator‐side voltage source converter (VSC) are modeled in the dq0‐reference frame. On the other hand, the grid‐side VSC and utility grid are dealt with in the multi‐scale model of the network in which the shift frequency is available. The switching‐function and average‐value models of the VSC are selected depending on the carrier shifted. In addition, interface between the control and electrical subsystems is redesigned to offset the computation error caused by one time‐step delay. Two test cases are performed to study the wind power fluctuations and faults ride‐through. The results show that the proposed multi‐scale model is able to simulate slow‐changing dynamic responses up to high‐frequency transients accurately while decreasing the simulation burden. In comparison with the results obtained from the EMTP (electromagnetic transients program) type simulators, the effectiveness and accuracy of the multi‐scale model are verified. Copyright © 2017 The Authors Wind Energy Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Exploring the effect of dual use on the value of military technology patents based on the renewal decision

Concerns regarding the high level of research and development (R&D) expenditure on military technology have prompted many nations to pursue a dual-use regime in military R&D. However, the value of dual-use military technology has not yet been quantitatively investigated. We explore whether military technology with a higher level of duality has been more valuable than that with a lower level of duality. We assume that the patent of valuable military technology was renewed until its termination. We retrieve military patents from the United States Patent and Trademark Office during 1976–2014 based on their International Patent Classification (IPC) as F41 or F42. Then, we propose three indicators to assess the duality level of them. The first indicator is based on the determination of whether the patented technology is utilizable in both the military and the civilian sectors using its IPC. For the second indicator, we estimate the potential of convergence of a patented technology with various technological fields using the degree of centrality of the IPC’s co-occurrence network. The third indicator is based on ratio of forward citation by the civilian sector over the total number of forward citations as a measurement of technology diffusion toward the civilian sector. Using logistic regression, we found that the first two indicators are positively associated with patent renewal decision, while the last indicator is nonsignificant. The effects of the two significant indicators suggests that military technologies are more valuable when the technology itself can be used in various sectors, including the civilian sector, and can be converged with technologies in different fields. However, the nonsignificant influence of the third variable suggests that the relation between patent value and diffusion effects toward following inventions is not confined to the civilian sector. Our findings provide evidence of the impact of dual-use policies in military R&D.     

Compatibilization of ethylene/maleic anhydride/glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer for poly(phenylene sulfide)/poly(amide‐66) blends

In this article, a terpolymer of ethylene, maleic anhydride, and glycidyl methacrylate (EMG) was used to enhance the compatibilization between poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) and polyamide‐66 (PA66). The mechanical properties, morphology, crystalline and melting behavior, and rheology of blends were discussed. The results showed that EMG was a good compatibilizer for PPS and PA66 through chemical reaction with them. The new generated polymer could prevent the aggregation of dispersed particles and reinforce the interface bonding. In addition, it could not only act as a nucleating agent for PA66 to refine its spherulites and improve its crystallinity but also promote the apparent viscosity of blends and enhance the non‐Newtonian behavior. The results will be useful to make high performance PPS/PA66 alloy with low cost and enlarge the application scope of PPS and PA66 resin. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012